Medieval Scots in France 1400-1430

Medieval Scots in France 1418-30

I have been putting together a list of Scots who fought in France for the Armagnacs after Agincourt and were predominantly in west France. Most names will come deaths at named persons from the battles of Fresnay,  Bauge, Tours, Verneuil, Cravant and the siege of Orleans, plus a few named members of the archers of the guard post Orleans. I have a part two coming at some stage with a further 30 odd archers of the garde. 

Archibald Douglas 4th Earl of Douglas, Earl of Wigtown

Taken hostage at the battle of Homildon Hill, where he lost an eye and testicle, paying a large ransom he was pardoned in 1406. He arrived in France in 1419 at la Rochelle with the Scottish army, was present at Fresnay, fought at Baugé and died at Verneuil. Dun-Le-Roi chateau was gifted by the Dauphin in 1420. He was nicknamed the Tineman (man of iron) because of his battlefield loss of his eye and testicle when he lead the counterattack at Homildon Hill.
The 4th earl of Douglas used two arms on his seals: one was Quarterly Douglas and Galloway, en surtout Murray of Rothwell (Stevenson and Wood), another was Quarterly Douglas, Galloway, Murray and Annandale (Catalogue of Seals, 16054). He was buried in Saint Gatien Cathedral Tours. 

William Douglas, of Drumlanrig 

Ecartelé : I et IV, d'argent, au coeur de gueules, au chef d'azur à trois étoiles du premier (de Douglas) ; 2 et 3, d'azur, à la bande d'or, accompagnée de six croisettes recroisettées au pied fiché du même (de Mar); à la bordure engrêlée de gueules.

He arrived 1419 35 MAA, 150 men and 300 archers, lost his standard at Fresnay, was present at Baugé, Cravant, died at the siege of Orleans, buried at Orleans cathedral 1430. In 1421 was appointed marshal of the French army in Anjou-Maine. 

William Douglas of Dalkeith 

Ecartelé : I et IV, d'argent, au coeur de gueules, au chef d'azur à trois étoiles du premier (de Douglas) ; 2 et 3, d'argent au chef de gueules à deux étoiles du premier.

Arrived with the army in 1420, fought at Fresnay, Baugé, Verneuil, Cravant died at Mont Saint Michel in 1425. 

John Stewart, second Earl of Buchan, Duke of Albany, gifted Chatillion -sur-Indre chateau in 1420

 Arrived in 1420. Led the Scottish/French army at Baugé, afterwards was permitted to carry French arms quartered with his own. He was captured at the battle of Cravant, ransomed, returned in 1423 then appointed Constable of France 1423, died at verneuil.

Sir John Stuart, lord of Darnley Count of Èvruex (1426) seigneurs d'Aubigny (from Albany)  

d’Or, a fess chequy argent et azure a bend sable. 

He arrived with the army in 1419, was appointed constable of the army in 1421, fought at Baugé and he missed Verneuil, at Cravant he captured and lost an eye, after his ransom was paid,  returned to lead the remainder of the Scottish Army that lifted the siege of Mont Saint Michel in 1425, and the marcher castles along the Normandy Bretagne and Normandy Maine borders Avaranches, Pontorson, St James 1426, afterwards was appointed Comte de Evreux. He returned to Scotland to raise another army and returned in 1428, was at Orleans and was killed at the battle of Rouvray in 1429. Buried in the Saint Croix Cathedral Orleans.

Thomas Kirkpatrick (Corpatrick, Kilpatrick), Baron of Closeburn and Redburgh, marshal of the Scottish army 1420

Argent, a saltire and chief azure, the last charged with three cushions or

A Scottish marcher border Lord Arrived in France in 1420, was present at Fresnay, Baugé then was made captain of Melun, he returned to Scotland in 1425, he was one of the commissioners at Handen Stone in 1428, and a Plenipotentiaries at the 1429 treaty with England at the Lochmaben stone.

John lord of Swinton 

Sable, a chevron Or between three boar's heads erased Argent

Arrived with the Scottish army in 1419, he fought at  Fresnay and Baugé, where he is credited with unhorsing Thomas Duke of Lancaster with his lance at the battle of Baugé, he was at Cravant and died at Verneuil. 

Alexander Hume (Home)of Dunglass, chieftain of clan Home/Hume

Fought at Homildon, where he was captured. In 1419 he joined the Scottish army in France, he fought at Fresnay, Baugé, Cravant and was killed at Verneuil. 

Hugh Kennedy of Ardstynchar. 

écartelé, aux 1 et 4 de France, aux 2 et 3 d’argent au chevron de gueules accompagné de trois croisettes recroisetées au pied fiché de sable.

Hugh Kennedy of Ardstynchar landed in France in 1420, his retinue consisted of 100 MAA in the army of John Stuart, Earl of Buchan. He fought at the battles of Fresnay (1420) Baugé (1421) Cravant (1423), Verneuil (1424) Dunois and Montargis (1427), Orleans (1428) and herrings (1429) Pattay, Lagny- Sur -Marne (1430) and defended this city, with Ambroise de Loré and Jean Foucault, during the siege of 1432.

His loyalty earned him a reward from Charles VII who allowed him to quarter his arms from those of France in 1428. Hugh Kennedy was one of the many Scottish troops who fought at Orléans, and followed Joan up until her capture.  His name had generally been Frenchified as “Canède” the “mountain”! Remaining single and without posterity, his property was passed on to his younger brother, Thomas Kennedy of Bargany.

John Montgomerie lord of Giffen and Azay le Rideau 

 a Croix d’or, quarterly gules three escallop-shells or, and Azure three fleurs-de-lis or.

Fought at taken prisoner at Halidon Hill, joined the French army in France in 1414, returned to Scotland to raise the army in 1420 47 MAA and 65 archers his company fought at Fresnay, Baugé, and Verneuil where he lead the Scottish rear guard, he created the Royal guard “garde de corps de Roi” in 1426, he led the Scot’s at Senlis in 1429, Orleans 1430, and became constable of france after Orleans in 1430. He followed Rene d’Anjou to Italy and died in service in 1445. He married the lady of Azay Le Rideau in 1440, and remained it seigneurial until his death in 1445 at Ebermunster in the German expedition. 

David Armstrong of Mangerton chieftain 

Joined the Scottish army in 1420, fought at Fresnay and Baugé. Returned to Scotland in 1425 to answer treason charges. 


Walter Stutt of Laggan 

arrived in 1420 with the Scottish army, fought at Fresnay, Baugé and Verneuil, after Verneuil joined the kings guard, then was at Mont Saint Michel, Ponterson and Saint James. Blazon after their installation in France: “ Quarterly 1 and 4 palé de sable et d'or, à 6 pieces; to 2 and 3 d’or in the heart of gules” ; he was made Lord of Assay, in Berry

John Ogilvy (Jehan d'Augulby), lord of Dreigny in Colméry and of Levraux, captain of Marcy Chateau

Argent a lion passant guardant Gules crowned with an imperial crown Or

Arrived in 1420, served at Fresnay, Baugé and Verneuil. Served in the kings garde as a company commander. Eldest son of Walter Olgivy, lord high treasurer of Scotland 1425-31. 

Adam Cockburn of Langton

Argent three cocks gules

 1419 38 mounted archers, at Baugé, Verneuil. Quartermaster of the Scottish Guard, descended from the Barons of Langton ; sgr of Villeneuve-les-Chemins near Saint-Florentin, then of Magny and Rippe at Merry-sur-Yonne (chatel-Censoir castle)

James Kincaid (Jacques de Quinquet), from the Kincaids of the county of Dunbarton 

Gules, a fess Erimine between two mullets in chief Or and a tripletowered castle in base Argent, masoned Sable

Arrived in 1420, Fresnay, Baugé and company commander  Verneuil. Joined the kings gaurd sgr of Montifaut (in St-Brisson-sur-Loire), then of Vieille-Ferté (La Ferté-Loupière, a land acquired by an alliance with a Courtenay), from which came Charles-Roger de Quinquet, sgr of Montoise (Ste-Colombe)

John Peterson (Pietresson), County Aberdeen 

Sable on a cross, betw. four lions' heads, erased, silver five eagles, displayed, of the field

Arrived 1420, Fresnay, Baugé and verneuil. Captain d'Asquins near Vézelay; his son Jean became lord of Saint-Aubin (Saint-Brancher)

Laurence Vernon

D’argent, à trois têtes d’ours arrachées de Sable, emmuselée de gueules.

Arrived in 1420 was at Fresnay, knighted at the battle of Baugé after unhorsing and seizing John Beaufort the earl of Somerset, a ransom of 40000 livers and received the chateau and lands of Montreuil-Bonnin from the dauphin, as was still receiving payment 30 years later.

Thomas Blair (alias Blar)

d’argent au chevron de sable accompagné de 3 tourteaux de gueules.

Scottish squire present at Orléans from the beginning of the siege, commanding a company of 20 men-at-arms and 29 archers. From the old Scottish family Blair of Balthayock (countries of Perth, Fife and Angus). Thomas Blair died around 1453.

John Carmichael (Kirkmichael or Saint-Michel), 

d'argent à la fasce tortillée d'azur et de gueules.

Elected in 1426 Bishop of Orléans under the name of Jean de Saint-Michel, John Carmichael of Carmichael, 3rd Baron of the name, had landed in 1420 with the body of 6000 Scots of John Stewart of Buchan. Bishop, but also man-at-arms, he had valiantly participated in the battle of Baugé in 1421 where he unhorsed the Duke of Clarence who was killed by Marshal de La Fayette. He participated in the coronation of Charles VII as an ecclesiastical peer. He was the nephew of John, 1st Baron of Carmichael in 1370, and son of William, confirmed 2nd Baron of the name in 1413. He died in 1436 or 1438.

Cristin Chamber (la Chambre)

d’azur au chevron d’or accompagné de 3 têtes de lion de même lampassées de gueules.

It is not certain that Cristy Chamber (or Cristin de la Chambre) fought at the siege of Orléans, but he was part of the army that accompanied Charles VII to Reims for his coronation. He was in fact captain of the company of Scottish bodyguards from 1427 and remained so until 1445 (he was replaced by his son, Nicole or Nicolas de la Chambre). He settled in Saintonge and settled there; he received the lordship of Villeneuve-la-Comtesse (Charente-Maritime). In 1453, he was appointed, probably as a pensioner, concierge and guard of the King's palace in Paris.

John Crichton (Criston ou Cresson)

d’argent au lion d’azur armé et lampassé de gueules.

Commanded a company of Scottish men-at-arms and archers in April and May 1429. He was made governor of Châtillon

Henry Galloys (Galloway) 

d'azur au lion d'argent armé et lampassé de gueules, couronné d'or.

Scottish squire. Commanded a company of archers belonging to William Hamilton in Orléans. At the start of the siege, it consisted of 10 men-at-arms and 30 archers. 

William Hamilton ( Hameton ou Hameleton)

de gueules à trois quintefeuilles d’hermine.

Arrived in 1429 the squire (Écuyer) commanded a company of 10 MAA and 30 archers at Orléans was in Henry Galois banneret.  Fought at Ponterson, St James, Avaranches, Orleans, made captain of Ponterson in 1428.



Thomas Houston 

d'or à la fasce (chevron) échiquetée de sable et d'argent accompagnée de 3 merlettes de sable.

Arrived in Orléans in October 1428 at the head of a company of 22 MAA and 71 archers. He was made Lord of Gournay (Indre) as a reward for his conduct at the siege of Meaux in 1439.

Edward Lennox (Édouard ou Douard de Linaux)

Armes : d’argent au sautoir de gueules cantonné de quatre quintefeuilles de même boutonnées d’argent.

The squire brought a strong contingent of 42 men-at-arms and 108 archers to Orleans in October 1428.



David Melville (Malvill ou Malleville)

d’argent à la fasce de gueules.

Scottish squire who arrived in Orléans in October 1428 at the head of a company of 12 men-at-arms and 28 archers. In January, his company was considerably reinforced when he was paid by the treasurer of the king's wars for 50 men-at-arms and 32 archers. This Scottish family descended from a Norman companion of William the Conqueror, originally from Malleville, in the Pays de Caux.

Micheal Norvell (Norvill, Norwill or Normanville)

d'argent à trois merlettes de sable becquées de gueules entre deux cotices de sable.

Scottish squire, siege of Tours 1418 captain 100 archers,  present at Orléans in April and May 1429, with a company of 20 men-at-arms and 25 archers.

Patrick Ogilvy (O’Givlys) of Auchterhouse, known as "the Viscount of Angus". Sherif of Angus

écartelé, aux 1 et 4 d’argent au léopard de gueules armé et lampassé d'azur, couronné d’or (Ogilvy), aux 2 et 3 d’argent à l’aigle de sable becquée et membrée de gueules (Ramsay d’ Auchterhouse

The Ogilvys or O'Gilvys were hereditary sheriffs of Angus. Patrick Ogilvy, Lord of Auchterhouse, Constable of the Scottish army in France, was advisor and chamberlain to Charles VII. It was he who commanded the escort of the reinforcements that joined the siege of Orléans with Joan of Arc. His personal company was 60 men-at-arms and 70 archers strong. He fought at Jargeau, Meung, Beaugency and Patay, then followed the Dauphin to his coronation.

William Stuart, (Guillaume Stewart) († 1429)

d'or à la fasce échiquetée d'azur et d'argent de trois tires, à la bande de gueules brochant.

Lord of Stelemilk, he was born of a remarriage of Sir Alexander Stewart with Janet Keith. He is therefore the half-brother of John Stuart of Darnley. He accompanied him to Orléans and was also killed on 12 February 1429 during the "day of the herrings".

John Wishart ( Wischard ou Wischart, voire Ouschart ou Oulchart)

d'argent à trois piles de gueules conjointes en pointe.

Probably the son of the 5th baron of that name, John Wishart of Pittarow was a Scottish knight who arrived in Orléans in October 1428 with 48 men-at-arms and 105 archers. He returned to France in 1436 to accompany Princess Margaret of Scotland, who had come to marry the dauphin Louis (future Louis XI). John Wishart was still alive in 1443.

Thomas de Blair (Blar) of Balthayock

D’argent, a chevron sable, between three torteaux

squire, on the payment of 20 men-at-arms and 29 archers at Orleans, lxvij crowns and lv sous tournois (67 crowns and 55 sous = 136 pounds).


Jean de Crichton (Criston) lord of Frendraught  

Arrived (May 10, 1429) paid in the months of April and May 1429 to defray the expenses of them and their people ... who had led and led in the second time the provisions and other necessary things in the city of Orleans: to Master Jehan Criston, governor of Châtillon, on the payment of viij (8) men-at-arms and xvj (16) archers from the said country of Scotland, xc j (91) livres tournois.

Alexander Buchanan (MacCausland)

D’Or a chevron compony counter compony azure et argent between three boars (wolfs?)heads erased gules.

Arrived in France in 1419, was at Fresnay, Killed Thomas Duke of Clarence with a mace blow at the battle of Baugé, held aloof his crown, the family crest then carried a hand holding a princes crown aloft from that day forward and used the battle cry “a Clarence, a Clarence” (“Clar Innes”) he was killed at Verneuil.

Patrick Neiven (Nevin)

Arrived with the army in 1420, fought at Fresnay, Baugé, Cravant, died at the siege of Orleans in 1429

William Crawford (Craufurd) deputy sheriff of Edinburgh 

Gules, a fess ermine

Arrived in 1420 Fought at Baugé, Verneuil, captain of  the kings garde archer company 

Thomas Williamson (d’Oilliamson)

D'azur à l'aigle d'argent tenant dans ses serres un tonneau d'or.

Arrived in 1429, at Herrings and Orleans, become an archer of the guard, as did his son William who settled in Normandy after Formigny 1450. Ancestor of the Marquis d’Oilliamson, Normandy. 

Thomas Colville of Oxnam 

Argent a cross moline sable

Arrived 1420 fought at Fresnay and at Baugé, company captain, then returned to Scotland. In 1436 accompanied princess Margaret to marry the dauphin of France. 

John Turnbull (Turnebull) Baron of Minto

d'argent à trois têtes de buffles de sable

Fought at Humbleton Hill 1402 captured along with his three sons and ransomed. Arrived in France 1420, fought at Fresnay, Baugé and was killed at Cravant in 1423. His nickname “sortir avec l'épée” because he lead from the front. 

Squire Robert Pringle of Smailholm

Argent, on a bend, Sable, three escalops, Or

Arrived in 1420 Fought at Fresnay, Baugé, Cravant and died at Verneuil. Commanded a company in earl Douglas wing. 

William Glendinning (Glendonwyne)

Quarterly Argent and Sable, a cross parted per cross indented counterchanged of the second and first

Arrived with Douglas, Fought at Fresnay, Baugé killed at Verneuil.

Squire Andrew Banantin of Kames

Gules, a chevron Argent between three mullets Or

 25 archers at Le Puy, Toulouse and captain of chateauneuf sur Loire 1420, mentioned in the Kings garde 1426. 

John Sibbald (Sibbold) of Balgonie

Argent, a cross moline pierced in the centre, within a bordure Azure

Arrived with the army in 1420, at Fresnay and Baugé seized Earl of Huntington for ransom, returned to Scotland in 1426. 

Squire John Haliburton of Newmains

d'or a bend azure, trois mascales of the first in the sinister, a buckle in the second 

Arrived with the army in 1420, was the fought at Fresnay, Baugé and was killed at Cravant. He was the scutifer (armour bearer ) of the Earl Douglas. 

References

The employment of Foreign Mercenary Troops in the French Royal Armies 1415-1470. 

comptes du trésorier des guerres, maître Raguier, 

The Scots men at arms and life guards in France, William Forbes Leith 

publié en annexe aux «Comptes des dépenses faites par Charles VII pour secourir Orléans pendant le siège de 1428», par J. Loiseleur,
in Mémoires de la Société archéologique et historique de l'Orléanais, tome XI, 1868.

Extraict du compte de maître Hémon Raguier, trésorier des guerres du Roy nostre sire,
depuis le 1er mars 1424 jusques au dernier septembre 1433,
rendu par Charles Raguier son fils, et Louis Raguier, conseiller en la Cour du Parlement, aussi son fils, en l'an 1441 »

Battle of Verneuil 1424 Richard Wadge

Battle of Baugé March 1421, Impact and Memory John D Milner

Courage, Fear, and the experience of the later medieval Scottish soldier. Alister J McDonald. 

Cheers
Matt